唐·吴道子《送子天王图》长卷高清赏析
[b]《送子天王图》又名《释迦降生图》，乃吴道子根据佛典《瑞应本起经》绘画，此幅应为宋人摹本。画面描绘了佛教始祖释迦牟尼降生以后，其父亲凈饭王和摩耶夫人抱着他(悉达太子)去朝拜大自在天神庙，诸神向他礼拜的故事。[/b]
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[b]◄左右滑动图片，观看《送子天王图》全卷 ►[/b]
《天王送子图》 纸本手卷 纵35.5厘米，横338.1厘米 现藏日本国大阪市立美术馆
[b]吴道子[/b]（约686-760前后），唐代画家。他首创“莼菜描”，往往墨骨数笔，便横绝千里，笔迹利落，笔势雄壮，所写衣褶，有飘举之势，人称“吴带当风”。作画赋色简淡，“其敷彩于焦墨痕中略施微染，自然超出缣素，世谓之吴装”，形成了特殊的绘画样式，人称“吴家样”、“吴装”。吴道子先以墨骨为主绘制人物大致轮廓，然后以淡敷色的画法略作点缀，成为中国人物画、肖像画的基本方式，其绘画样式对后世产生了深远的影响。
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吴道子早在唐代就被推崇为“画圣”，年未弱冠即穷丹青之妙，道释人物画尤为擅长，据载曾于长安、洛阳两地寺观中绘制壁画多达300余堵，卷轴画亦不少，所作道释人物画奇踪怪状，无有雷同，其中尤以《地狱变相》闻名于时。《宣和画谱》著录宫廷收藏了他的92件作品。由于壁画不易保存，吴道子的绘画在宋代就已经非常罕见了，北宋末期米芾说，“伪吴生见三百本，余白首止见四轴，直笔也”，记载了他所见的吴道子所作的4件作品。目前存在的《送子天王图》、《宝积宾伽罗佛像》、《道子墨宝》，并非吴道子真迹，应为宋人依据吴道子作品绘制的摹本，从中可见吴道子绘画的基本概况。在这些传世摹本中，《送子天王图》是最能体现吴道子画风的经典之作，已经散佚海外，为日本大坂市立美术馆所收藏。
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明代张丑在《清河书画舫》中说：“吴道子《送子天王图》，纸本，水墨真迹，是韩氏（存良）名画第一，亦天下名画第一。”又据茅锥《南阳名画表》：“宋高宗乾卦绍兴小玺，贾似道字长印，曹仲玄、李伯时、王谦等跋，是吴真迹”，亦是一件流传有序的传世名作，其摹制年代当不下于北宋中期，或是北宋初期的摹本。
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根据李公麟《送子天王图》题跋，此图应绘《瑞应本取经》中释迦牟尼降生故事，释迦牟尼的父亲净饭王和其姨母摩诃波阇波提夫人抱他去朝拜大自在天神庙天神，诸神向释迦牟尼礼拜的故事。
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《送子天王图》按照故事情节可分3段，前段描写送子之神及其所乘瑞兽与天王及侍从天女等。有两位天神力士正试图拖住奔驰的瑞兽，气氛紧张而愉快。天王神态威严，双手按膝，密切注视眼前的瑞兽，好似完成某一重大决断而呈现出较为轻松的沉思情形。天王左右则有文武侍卫环拱侍立，或围蛇，或仗剑，或执笔书写。前面一武臣紧张注视，手握剑柄以防不测，文臣端然肃立，手执毛笔、笏板，正预备书写，面色凝重。天王身后天女则神态安详，或磨墨，或手持器物，恭敬肃立于身后。此处天王和瑞兽之间的紧张关系成为前段画面的中心，天王的严肃凝视与瑞兽的咆哮欲行形成强烈的对立，紧张的氛围大有一触即发之势，扣人心弦。
[img]http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20190821/983c05f84fef44c88fb32346662d9eae.jpeg[/img]中间一段则作如来护法神大自在天端坐石上情形。大自在天作四臂披发形象，踞坐石上，背后烈焰腾腾，火焰中现出虎、象、狮、龙、鸟头，形貌诡怪，左右作有捧花瓶、香炉法器的天女和执帚天神。
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画幅后一段绘净饭王抱持婴儿正稳步前行中，摩诃波阇波提夫人拱手相随，后面一侍者肩扇在后。无能胜明王作跪伏礼拜状，来迎接释迦牟尼佛的到来。无能胜明王一见佛祖便低眉跪拜，衬托出新生婴儿的无限尊贵。此图虽然写异域佛经故事，但画中的人、鬼、神、兽形象则完全中国化了，以中国帝后、文武臣僚和仕女形象来塑造天王、天女、侍卫，当是佛教与中国本土文化日趋融合的结果。
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吴道子继承了六朝张僧繇的疏体画风，在此基础上进一步发挥，注重线条的表现力， “行笔磊落，挥霍如莼菜条，圆间折算，方圆凹凸”。张彦远对其绘画作品作了全面的评述，认为他的绘画作品无论就用笔还是造型能力，都具有他人难以企及的造诣。《送子天王图》反映了吴道子的基本画风，笔墨的疏落简率，人物形象的刻画塑造，都给人留下极为深刻的印象。（赵启斌 朱同）
[b]高清局部精彩呈现[/b]
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